Why does an appliance leak do more damage than it seems?
The water is small in volume but it runs for a long time, and it goes under the finish where it cannot be seen. A slow leak can soak a subfloor before it reaches the surface.
A washing machine that overflows for twenty minutes puts several gallons on a floor. A water heater that weeps for a month puts far more, though nobody sees it happen. The water moves under carpet and vinyl, it runs along the subfloor and it gets into the bottom of any wall that touches the floor. The surface can look fine for weeks while the wood beneath it stays wet.
That is why the work on an appliance leak is measured by readings rather than by the stain. The floor, the bottom plate of the wall and the framing in the cabinet space are checked, and the drying continues until those readings are dry.
Should the appliance be repaired or replaced?
That is the owner's decision, made with a plumber, an appliance technician or the manufacturer. The restoration work does not decide it, and a repair or replacement is not included in the drying scope.
A water heater that has leaked from its tank is generally replaced rather than repaired, because a rusted tank does not stop leaking once it has started. A washing machine hose is usually a simple replacement, and a dishwasher or refrigerator line can be repaired by the technician who works on that appliance. The restoration record notes the make, the age and the point of failure so that the repair is quoted from accurate information.
Keep the receipt or the model number of the appliance, because the insurer may ask for it and the repair technician will need it to order the right part.
How is the carpet handled after an appliance leak?
Clean-water carpet can often be extracted and dried in place. Carpet with pad that has wicked water up a wall, or that has been wet over a damp subfloor for long, is usually removed so the floor can be read.
The decision depends on the water, the time and the materials. Clean water from a hose that has been turned off within the hour is a very different case from water that has been under the carpet overnight. The technician checks the pad, the tack strip and the floor below before deciding.
Where carpet is removed, the owner is told what it is, where it came from and what the readings showed. Where it is kept, the drying record shows when the carpet reached its dry goal and how the readings were taken.
What about the room below a basement appliance?
In a two-level house the water can run down a joist bay to the room under the appliance. The ceiling of that room is checked, and any soft or stained area is opened to see what is in the cavity.
Basements in older homes often have a finished room or a storage space below a kitchen or bathroom, and water from above can come through the joist bays. The stain may appear in a corner of the basement ceiling, several feet from the appliance. The readings are taken across the whole joist bay, and the cavity is opened only where the readings stay high.
A plaster ceiling below a leaking appliance can hold water for a long time between the plaster and the lath. The owner should expect a few small openings in that case, and the record says where each one was made.